Have you seen any good films recently? RECORDS SERVICE GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION For sale by. Providing for a National Safety Inspection Program. How the Reagan administration is imperiling the nation's meat and poultry inspection program. Return to the jungle: How the Reagan administration. Kathleen Hughes is the author of Dear. Return To The Jungle: How The Reagan Administration Is Imperiling The Nation's Meat And Poultry Inspection Program 0.00 avg. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages. CHAPTER 2. POULTRY INSPECTION IN THE UNITED STATES. HISTORY AND CURRENT PROCEDURES. The current U. S. In the. early l. 90. United States was little more. Chickens and. turkeys were mainly produced on small farms and sold, live or. There were no standard poultry- raising methods, and the. At that time and for a while afterward, poultry. Sunday dinner. speciality. Thus, small - scale production of poultry by independent. USI)A, 1. 9 8. 4b ~ . Most poultry. was purchased by the consumer either live from the farmer- producer or a. New York- dressed carcass (only blood and feathers. The housewife eviscerated and finally Prepared the product. In the 1. 92. 0s. New York Cit. Y, which served. Meat and poultry inspection manual . Return to the Jungle - How the Reagan Administration Is Imperiling the Nation's Meat and Poultry Inspection Program. Reagan administration is imperiling the. Reagan exec order telling agencies to file reports with OMB. Schechter Poultry Corp. Slaughterhouse The Book (slaughterhousethebook)'s profile on Myspace. Your search did not return any results. As. a result, cities, counties, and states began establishing their own. USDA, 1. 9 8. 4b ~ O. In 1. 92. 6, the Federal Poultry Inspection Service (FPIS ~ was. In the. beginning, FPIS inspected live poultry at railroad terminals and. New York City. This voluntary. U. S. Department. Agriculture (USDA) and two cooperating agencies- -the New York Live. Poultry Commission Merchants Association and the Greater New York Live. Poultry Chamber of Commerce (USDA, 1. FPIS was also authorized to. Eviscerated poultry. FPIS at the request of purchasers. Before 1. 94. 0, most poultry was slaughtered and. New York- dressed. Inspection was done at the point of delivery, if at all. As. military and consumer demand shifted from a preference for live poultry. New York- dressed poultry and then to ready- to- cook poultry, and as. USDA. modified its inspection and certification program. Point- of- delivery. For this reason, the. Soon thereafter, USDA required that evisceration and. New York- dressed poultry purchased only from. USDA sanitation requirements. The formalization of these. During this period. Poultry inspection activities. World War II increased consumer awareness of inspection. This. in turn led to an increase in sales of poultry products bearing the. FPIS certification mark. The fact that USDA certification was. AMS was strongly oriented toward facilitating the industry's. Congress expressly. PPIA the importance of marketing. Unwholesome, adulterated, or misbranded poultry products impair the. USC, 1. 98. 3a, p. Previously, 1. 6%. In the United States were not inspected by. USDA because they were not transported across states lines and 3. The goal of the 1. Act was to bring this uninspected. USDA, 1. 98. 4b). The Act established federal- state cooperative. Wholesome Meat Act passed a year earlier. The federal government. To gain such support, state. The 1. 96. 8 Act also required USDA to take. USDA, 1. 98. 4b). No. major changes have been made in the poultry inspection laws since 1. USDA, 1. 98. 4b), despite the more than tripling of the pounds of poultry. Table 2- 1~. Hi story of Inspected Plantsa. Number of Birds Inspected. Year of Plants (billions of pounds. Not available. a. From USDA, 1. 98. The USDA inspector observes. Because antemortem. At. times, however, the inspector may examine individual birds to. A bird is condemned if it plainly shows evidence of any. Birds that have already died are. Condemned birds may not be processed further. They must be disposed of in. USDA, 1. 98. 4b). Birds so classified are segregated from other poultry and. Most producers augment the USDA process with their own antemortem. At present, antemortem inspection. USDA inspector's inspection activities. USDA, 1. 98. 4b). Inspectors. observe the carcass exterior; open the body cavity and examine inner. Other. viscera ; and instruct a trimmer (a plant employee) on the disposition. This inspection is designed to ensure that each bird. USDA, 1. 98. 4b). In case of fryers. A differing opening cut (i. Libby and Humphreys, 1. Hocks must be cut in preparation for inspection so. The feet are removed just before. Washing the carcass after cutting of the hocks would. The heads of young chickens. The heads of mature chickens may. Permission to remove the heads from. For example, a switch or button control must be. In. addition, adequate lighting of uniform intensity must be provided at. Plants are also required to separate double lines. Visceral organs must. Production lines must. Libby and Humphreys, 1. The. inspector has only 2 to 3 seconds to examine each bird and to decide. USDA, 1. 98. 4b). In this manner more than 4. USDA, 1. 98. 5)0. Sanitary Slaughter and Dressing. The principal objective of sanitary dressing is to defeather the. In many cases localized. Ideally, slaughter and dressing should be designed to. All slaughtered. and eviscerated birds are chilled to an internal temperature of 4. Bruises 7. 35, 3. Cadaver 1, 5. 44, 6. Contamination 2, 3. Overscald 5. 28, 2. O. 0. 1. TOTAL 3. From USDA, 1. 98. This. represents 8. United States during that period. FSIS has. responsibility for ensuring that these chit ling specifications are met. Giblets are chilled to 4. Only potable water may be used for ice and water chilling. The. ice is handled and stored in a sanitary manner; block ice is washed by. NRC, 1. 98. 5~. The. Blair, 1. 97. 5~. The plant is warned that the department or equipment. B. In. addition, the inspector completes a daily sanitation report (MP Form. August L9. 79) that covers such items as plant cleanliness, rodent. O A copy of. the daily report is provided to the establishment. Defects are evaluated on the basis of. The Acceptable Quality Level (AQL). USDA, 1. 97. 4) are applied in all poultry. Berndt, 1. 98. 5) to detect dressing defects in broiler carcasses after. The data collected include information on the origin. USDA, 1. 98. 3a). In this. system, defects in a sample of carcasses are counted both before and. Birds not meeting the standards are ''determined by the. FSIS to be adulterated. The FPS were. developed from data obtained from a random sampling survey of trim and. In 1. 98. 3 and 1. AQL in eight pilot poultry plants, and. Berndt, 1. 98. 5 ~ . This program is the U. Government's principal regulatory. In. poultry judged, primarily by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and FSIS, to be of public. Through this program, FSIS. FSIS uses an advisory board of scientists from FDA, EPA, and. FSIS to select these chemicals on the basis of their toxicity, exposure. USDA, 1. 98. 6~. These objectives are described in the following. Monitoring is accomplished through random sampling of. These samples are tested for compliance with chemical. For example. approximately 7, 5. USDA, 1. 98. 6 ~ . The findings are referred. FDA or EPA for review and for use in on- the- farm inspections to. On occasion, test results can. Some monitoring is designed to discern. For example, the. In general, the number of samples. Surveillance is achieved by targeted sampling of. Surveillance testing may be initiated when a producer is. EPA or. FDA. Carcasses are retained while the tests are conducted. If. violations are found, the carcasses are condemned and the producer is. When these products reach their. U. S. In exploratory testing, random or nonrandom. The information gained from these tests is used. The exploratory program also includes. In collaboration with USDA's. Extension Service, PSIS initiated a chemical residue prevention program. This program is designed to help domestic poultry producers. It is a primarily. USDA, 1. 98. 3b). To meet the. new demands for a wide range of products at an acceptable cost. Poultry are now bred and raised in environments to promote. The controlled use of vaccines and drugs. Quality control systems have increased the poultry. Poultry slaughtering and processing have largely been. Advances in packaging and. Today, about 2. 0 companies operate approximately 2. USDA, 1. 98. 3c), and 5% of these plants account for almost. Poultry slaughtering has also become more. Approximately 9. 5% of all poultry producers. The increased use of brand. The proliferation of. At present, there is great variety of raw, canned, cured. Any aesthetic benefits derived. Thus, public health concerns now include. Currently. eight broad classes of public health risk are of concern in poultry. NRC, 1. 98. 5~. Because of these factors. As inspection costs have escalated, FSIS. Furthermore, all regulatory. Presidential Documents, 1. For example, one change instituted in. FSIS to plant management working. PSIS supervision. These procedures have recently been modified by PSIS to. FSIS, 1. 98. 4; FSIS, personal. In 1. 97. 9 FSIS instituted a less. Modified Traditional Inspection (MTI). FSIS, personal communication, 1. Under MTI, three. One inspector. examines the outside surfaces of each carcass, using a mirror to see. The other two inspectors examine the inside. The hand motions for inspecting the inside of the. Maximum line speed achievable under MTI is 7. FSIS, 1. 98. 4~. One method, known as the hands on/hands off. FSIS, personal communication, 1. The first one examines the outside surfaces of a carcass. The birds are then. This procedure is now used in only. United States (Berndt, 1. Because initial tests indicate that this system is not as. MTI inspection procedures, it has not. Future use of this approach will require either the. Under NELS. the government inspectors inspect the birds and determine which birds. The plant. workers then inspect the passed birds for certain outside defects. Eliminating the need for direct FSIS participation in. With. NELS, the maximum line speed depends on a plant ' s ability to provide. As the proportion of. Most of. these plants operate line speeds of approximately 9. O. In 1. 98. 5 FSTS made further departures from traditional inspection by. Berndt, 1. 98. 5~. In this Third- Generation Inspection. System, the government' s role is limited to inspect) on of a sample of. One of them. sets a standard for inspection by which five industry inspectors, who. NELS procedure, are judged. An. automated computer system compares each plant inspector's level of. USDA food inspector and indicates, through light and audio alarms. The second government inspector, who.
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